WASHINGTON — (AP) — House Republicans released a budget plan Wednesday that sets the stage for advancing many of President Donald Trump's top domestic priorities, providing for up to $4.5 trillion in tax cuts and a $4 trillion increase in the debt limit so the U.S. can continue financing its bills.
The budget plan also directs a variety of House committees to cut spending by at least $1.5 trillion while stating that the goal is to reduce spending by $2 trillion over 10 years.
The blueprint represents a first step in a lengthy legislative process that would allow Republicans to pass some of their top priorities in a simple majority vote. The House Budget Committee is expected to hold votes on the plan on Thursday. House Speaker Mike Johnson predicted it would easily advance out of committee.
“Then, we'll work with everybody over the week to make sure they are on board,” Johnson said.
Johnson has set an ambitious schedule for moving the resolution and subsequent legislation, but tensions remain within the Republican conference about the scope of the proposed tax and spending cuts. Some want more in tax cuts than what is in the blueprint while others want steeper spending cuts.
“There'll be a lot of negotiations back and forth," Johnson said. "There's a lot of moving parts to this, but our objective is to fulfill all the president's campaign promises and the full agenda, so we have time to do that."
Budget resolutions are often considered statements of priorities. But the 45-page plan is more than just a policy blueprint as it provides specific directions to House committees to rearrange the federal money flow. GOP leaders are eyeing cuts to social services, and particularly Medicaid, as they seek massive savings.
The Energy and Commerce Committee, which handles health care spending, is asked to cut $880 billion over the decade, while the Education and Workforce Committee is asked to reduce spending by $330 billion. The Agriculture Committee is asked to save $230 billion, while the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee is asked to find at least $10 billion in cuts through 2034.
Even as some programs would be cut, money would be shifted to other Trump priorities, including a $100 billion boost in defense spending over the next decade through the Armed Services Committee and an additional $90 billion for the Homeland Security Department, which is carrying out Trump's massive immigration deportation.
House Democrats were harshly critical of the budget plan.
Senate Democratic leader Chuck Schumer and House Democratic leader Hakeem Jeffries held a joint press conference and accused Republicans of not taking action to lower costs for everyday Americans since securing the White House and both chambers of Congress.
“Why? Their primary objective is to enact massive tax cuts for their billionaire donors and wealthy corporations,” Jeffries said. “That's what the Republican budget is all about.”
There is also concern from Democrats that the plan could lead to cuts in the safety next. Rep. Brendan Boyle, the top Democratic on the House Budget Committee, said the tax cuts won’t pay for themselves through increased economic growth so cuts to various government programs such as Medicaid will be sought.
“Their plan blows up the deficit and sticks the middle class with the bill, whether through higher prices, deep cuts to essential programs, or both,” said the Philadelphia lawmaker.
Republicans say they don’t want to take benefits away from those who rely on Medicaid, but they are considering requiring more able-bodied Americans to work as a condition of their participation.
“If you add work requirements to Medicaid, it makes sense to people. It’s common sense,” Johnson said. “Little things like that make a big difference not only in the budgeting process but in the morale of the people. You know, work is good for you. You find dignity in work. And the people who are not doing that, we’re going to try to get their attention.”
To offset some of the cost of extending the tax cuts Republicans passed in Trump's first term, they are also eying the possibility of ending some of the clean-energy tax credits that Democrats championed and passed under former President Joe Biden.
As House Republicans press ahead, Senate Republicans are pursuing a narrower effort focused on boosting border security and defense spending.
Republicans have been debating since last year whether to enact the bulk of Trump’s agenda in one or two pieces of legislation. The Senate is moving on a two-bill track, while the House is moving on a one-bill track. It’s unclear which side will win out in the end.
The Senate Budget Committee advanced the narrower budget plan on Wednesday in a party-line vote. It would allow $175 billion to be spent on border security, $150 billion for defense and $20 billion for the Coast Guard. Their budget would not include an extension of tax cuts, leaving that to be dealt with in a second bill later this year.
Sen. Lindsey Graham, the committee's chair, said in selling the blueprint that a majority of Americans support deporting immigrants who are in the U.S. illegally, but that Immigration and Customs Enforcement was running out of funding. He said more agents and detention space will be needed to allow for the deportation effort.
“We don't have time to waste," said the South Carolina Republican. “Our country is very much at risk in multiple fashions abroad and at home.”
Republicans defeated a spate of amendments from Democrats that included taking Medicaid and the nutrition assistance program known as SNAP off the table from cuts. Sen. Jeff Merkley, the top Democrat on the committee, said the amendments were focused on ensuring the process underway in Congress would not raise the cost of health care and other vital services for Americans.
“Families of America, get worried,” he said as debate drew to a close.